Corning and cocaine: the advent of spinal anaesthesia
Alex Looseley
Corresponding address: Dr Alex Looseley, Derby City General Hospital,
Uttoxeter Road, Derby, DE22 3NE, UK.
E-mail: alex.looseley@nhs.net
Abstract
The inception of spinal anaesthesia can be traced to James Leonard Corning, a New York neurologist who inadvertently administered cocaine spinal anaesthesia in 1885. In 1898 August Karl Gustav Bier, a German surgeon, pioneered the successful use of operative spinal anaesthesia in lower limb surgery. Early spinal anaesthesia was fraught with complications but through advances in aseptic technique, anaesthetic agents and equipment, the seminal work of Corning and Bier has evolved into a widely established anaesthetic modality.
Key words
Spinal anaesthetic; Leonard Corning; August Bier; history; development.
