Atraumatic splenic rupture secondary to infectious mononucleosis: a case report and literature review

Although splenomegaly is found in approximately two thirds of patients with infectious mononucleosis (IM), splenic rupture is uncommon. However, it constitutes the single largest cause of mortality in this group. True atraumatic splenic rupture is very rare and is seen in only 0.5% of all cases of IM. We present a case of a 22-year-old man with atraumatic splenic rupture associated with infectious mononucleosis and highlight key considerations in diagnosing and managing this potentially fatal complication.