Concurrent infection with pulmonary nocardiosis and Salmonella bovis bacteraemia in a previously healthy female

We report the case of a woman from sub-Saharan Africa who presented with pyrexia, pulmonary lesions and a urinary tract infection (UTI). She was found to have multiple infections, i.e. Salmonella bovis bacteraemia, Escherichia coli UTI, and pulmonary nocardiosis. In the presence of lymphopaenia, a Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) antibody test was performed and was positive. This is the first reported case of S. bovis infection in Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). It is a reminder that HIV infection should always be suspected in patients who normally reside in an area of high prevalence of HIV and present with any infection, but particularly if unusual or multiple infections occur simultaneously.